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Xorshift1024*

Xorshift1024* is a large-state xorshift pseudo-random number generator with multiplicative scrambling by Sebastiano Vigna. Uses 1024 bits of state for a period of 2^1024-1, making it suitable for parallel applications. Features golden ratio multiplier for output quality.

Properties

Property	Value
Category	Random Number Generators
Sub-category	Non-Cryptographic PRNG
Security status	🎓 Educational Only
Complexity	Intermediate
Inventor	Sebastiano Vigna
Year	2014
Origin	🇮🇹 Italy
Source	algorithms/random/xorshift1024star.js

Parameters

Parameter	Supported values
Seed sizes	8 bytes (64 bits)

Capabilities

Flag	Value
IsDeterministic	Yes
IsCryptographicallySecure	No

Security

Status: 🎓 Educational Only

No vulnerabilities are recorded for this implementation.

Documentation

• Official Reference Implementation (C)
• Xorshift Generators Homepage
• Original Paper: An experimental exploration of Marsaglia’s xorshift generators (2014)
• Further Scramblings of Marsaglia’s Xorshift Generators

References

• Wikipedia: Xorshift
• TestU01 Statistical Testing Suite
• DSI Utilities - Java Implementation

Test vectors

6 vectors ship with this algorithm and run in the test suite. Byte values are hexadecimal.

Vector 1 — Seed=1: First four 64-bit outputs from xorshift1024* (official reference)

Field	Value
seed	0100000000000000
outputSize	32
input	null
expected	ebec18c6c320b75ff0c3e55baa47687a9fda494782f91f6578beb9d0157ed311

Vector 2 — Seed=0: First four 64-bit outputs (zero seed initialization)

Field	Value
seed	0000000000000000
outputSize	32
input	null
expected	d66fb9683583763f7e3e02cd0d1b704985bbd386166f265f7da6a5f93a72f14d

Vector 3 — Seed=12345: First four 64-bit outputs

Field	Value
seed	3930000000000000
outputSize	32
input	null
expected	f0eb9cd17d61a08e9a889e3235eae19970744689e4cf1fda4b9d595ecb44b440

Vector 4 — Seed=0xDEADBEEF: First four 64-bit outputs

Field	Value
seed	efbeadde00000000
outputSize	32
input	null
expected	3fae770327913ba438267944642a8ba9c7c06767d60c319e99cad00ed5565195

Vector 5 — Seed=1000000: First six 64-bit outputs (large seed test)

Field	Value
seed	40420f0000000000
outputSize	48
input	null
expected	e7438768d321bb87a6ae572109ee2388 0f85c9c0cd4bde5c0603680e40371b26 d201f4cf7f0e9e870a034214cfa6af09

Vector 6 — Seed=0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF: Maximum seed value test

Field	Value
seed	ffffffffffffffff
outputSize	32
input	null
expected	ff8b751a747b5b338dff602bc75ead46e4dc5b1ab29c51f528f5a435034c4f00

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